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/ TOBACCO; 



AND ITS 



EFFECT UPON THE HEALTH 



AND 



CHAKACTER OF THOSE WHO USE IT. 



$ 



BY 

JAMES C. JACKSON, M. D., 

PHYSICIAN-IN-CHIEF OF " OUR HOME ON THE HILLSIDE," 

DANSVILLE, N. Y. 



DANSVILLE, N. Y. 

B\ W. HTJRID «Sc CO., PUBLISHERS?, 

OFFICE OF THE LAWS OF LIFE. 

1866. 



OUR HOME ON TIE HILL-SIDE, 

Is a Health, or Hygienic Institution, located in Dansville, Livingston Co., N. T. It» 
object is to restore the 6ick to health by means of the agencies provided by God for the 
preservation of health, such as pure air, pure water, sun-light, sleep, proper clothing, 
judicious exercise, healthful food, pleasant social influences, &c, excluding all poisonous 
drugs, and all other means and agencies, which in their nature tend to injure persons in 
health if used by them ; and also to so instruct them in regard to the Laws of Life, and 
Llealth, as that they may not again be liable to take on the diseases which are every where 
so prevalent, and which to a very great degree, are the result of false habits of living, i t 
is also a place much resorted to by persons who are not sick, but who desire to become 
familiar with the philosophy of lifo taught here, that they may regulate their households 
upon a plan, which is in accordance with the lawB of the human organization, and thus 
preserve them in the enjoyment of good health. 

There are during the whole year from seventy-five, to a hundred and fifty invalids, 
under treatment, in the Institution. Many of these resort hither, after having been sick 
for years, and after having tried, without benefit, all the common methods of treatment 
ofi disease. Many of them are very feeble, and many of them have been given up a& 
hopeless, by their former physicians. They come here with every form of Acute, and 
Chronic disease, common to this latitude. They come from far, and near, from every 

Eart of our own country, and from Canada ; and it is not too much to say, that ninety- 
ve per cent of all who visit this establishment, are either entirely cured, or so much 
benefitted as to be perfectly satisfied with their improvement. The proprietors feel 
confident that they are justified in recommending the practice here pursued, as well 
adapted to the case of every invalid, whose vitality is not so far exhausted, as that life 
must necessarily soon como to a close. The location is as favorable for an Institution of 
this character, as can be found in this country. The scenery is exceedingly beautiful. 
The country around abounds in most delightful drives, and walks. The water is soft. 
pure, and abundant. The air is salubrious. The climate is mild and healthful, and all 
the fruits of this latitude, grow here in abundance. The pleasant and thriving village of 
Dansville, with its numerous churches, and stores, its flourishing Seminary, its telegra 
express and livery facilities, &c., is so near as to have its centre of business reached b t 
moderate walk of fifteen minutes, and yet is so far away as to leave the Institution, a 
its surroundings entirely free from its noise, confusion and dust. The house is large, airy, 
well ventilated, and is kept clean and nice, and in the best order, in all'its departments. 
It is generously supplied with workers, who are earnest, faithful, and devoted to their 
business. Its Physicians mingle daily with the patients, looking carefully after the con- 
ditions of each case, and treating eacn upon its own merits. 

The attractions of the Institution have been added to by the erection of an elegant HalL 
sixty feet long by thirty-two feet broad, and eighteen feet high, (opened on the 1st of 
Feb., 1SG4, to be used for all assemblies of the patients for religious meetings, lectures, 
amusements, &c. 

A new and very fine Hotel has also been built at the foot of the hill, about twenty-five 
rods below the Institution, for the accommodation of the many visitors to the place. It 
is very pleasantly located, and is under the excellent management of Mr. and Mra. Henry 
A. Brewster. 

The physician-in-chief of Our Home is 

JAMES C. JACKSON, M. D., 

widely known for his great ability as a public speaker and writer, and for his remarkable 
akill and success in the treatment of the sick. 



A «„,.?„+- (HARRIET N. AUSTIN, M.D 
pvt B .^W < F. WILSON HDRD, M. D., 
Physicians. "\ MT?e MAPV w york M. 1 



(MRS. MARY H. YORK, M. D. 

Circulars of the Institution, or any information desired in regard to it, may be obtained 
bv addressing, James O. Jackson, M. D„ Miss Harriet AT. Austin, M. 2>., or F. Wtlson 
Ihtrd, M. D.. and enclosing stamp to pay postage. Either of these physicians may be 
consulted by letter, also, by *he sick who aro unable to attend the Institution, lee for 
full prescription $5,00. 

HARRIET N. AUSTIN, M. D., } 
F. WILSON HURD, M. D., I ProDrie tor8 

MRS. LUCRETIA E, JACKSON, f *roP» etor »- 
JAMES H. JACKSON, J 



TOBACCO; 



AND ITS 



EFFECT UPON THE HEALTH 



AND 



CHARACTER OF THOSE WHO USE IT. 



BY 

JAMES C. JACKSON, M, D., 



3?h.ysiciaii— iii-Cb.ie'f 



AT 



OUR HOME 






DANSVILLE, N. Y. 

E\ W. HURD & CO., PUBLISHERS. 

•JFFICE of the laws of life. 

1865. 



-•c 



ftfc 



%n\ 




-<<*► 



5v-V 



§ 



'ujt* ACCO ; 



T>ITS EFFECTS UPON THE HEALTH AND 
CHARACTER OF THOSE WHO USE IT. 



BY JAMES C. JACKSON, M. D. 



Within the last twenty-five years the use of tobacco 
with our people has increased thirty-three and a third 
per cent, over the ratio of the increase of population. 
At first thought it may he difficult for the man of reason 
and reflection to account for this, knowing, as he well 
does, that great efforts have been put forth in the direc- 
tion of inducing people to abandon the use of spirit- 
uous liquors. Naturally enough he might think that a 
man who was quickened in his moral sense in respect to 
the unhealthfulness of the use of ardent spirits would 
also, under the same tram of reflection, be induced to 
give up or to abstain from the use of tobacco. Para- 
doxical as it may appear, however, the fac£ , j the in- 
crease of the use of tobacco, in proportion tc the whole 
population since the Temperance reformation, is well 
established. This fact can be and has jeen demon- 
strated in various ways. Statistics, showing the quantity 
used in the country settle the question decidedly, and 
the philanthropist, however glad he might be to doubt, 
cannot relieve himself from the evidence which is ea- 
sily to be obtained on the subject. 

As a physician, I have for a long time entertained the 
opinion that the use of tobacco by our people is far 



4 tobacco ; 

more deleterious in its effects upon their health than is 
the use of alcoholic drinks ; but as no one at once gets 
at the truth in detail, or so as to feel himself compre- 
hensively the master of it in all its relations, and to be 
aware of all its bearings, it is only within a few years 
that I have settled myself down thoroughly in the con- 
viction that no habit of the American people is so de- 
structive to their physical vigor and their moral charac- 
ter as that of the use of tobacco. 

Tobacco may justly be classed as one of the most 
powerful poisons known to man. By Toxicologists, or 
those who study the nature and effects of poisons upon 
living organisms, it is classed as such, but ranks as a de- 
pressant, rather than an excitant. There is no other 
poison which as a depressant is considered more effi- 
cient. Experiments have been made in various w T ays to 
decide this point, and with the physician there is no 
longer any doubt in regard to it. Unlike the diffusible 
stimulants it lowers the action of the heart and nervous 
system, whenever it is taken into the circulation ; and 
unless the person using it has become habituated to it, 
so that his nervous forces are related by terms of accom- 
modation to its presence in the blood, the effects are 
seen in a very marked and powerful degree. 

In connection with my associates in the manage- 
ment ot a Health Institution, and through our corres- 
pondence with persons outside of our Establishment 
with reference to the breaking up of their use of tobac- 
co, I have had opportunities to study its effects upon a 
great many people. Over two thousand persons have 
come under my professional supervision in our Institu- 
tion, who, at the time of placing themselves in our 
hands with a view to their restoration to health, were in 



AND ITS EFFECTS. O 

the use of this poison. Besides these, through our 
correspondence we have given professional advice, with 
a view to their abandonment of it, to over three thou- 
sand persons who were in its daily use. How many oth- 
ers have been influenced against its use by articles which 
I have written upon its deleterious effects on health and 
morals, I do not know ; but any one can see that oppor- 
tunities sufficiently large for making examination into 
its effects have been mine, to justify me in generalizing 
and in drawing conclusions upon which I may safely 
rest. 

Unlike stimulants, as I have said above, tobacco serves 
as a depressant. Given to a person unused to it, and in 
health, it affects the nervous system in a way most re- 
markable. To a new beginner who takes it, either in 
the form of chewing or smoking, there is manifested 
very distressing sickness at the stomach, with such full- 
ness of the head as not unfrequently to be attended with 
ringing in the ears, partial loss of sight, partial delirium, 
violent contraction of the muscles of the throat, great 
difficulty of breathing, twitching of the muscles of the 
body at large, and partial loss of sensibility in the low- 
er extremities and tips of the fingers, together with 
great relaxation of the lower bowels, partial paralysis of 
all the sphincter muscles, and especially of the large in- 
testine. These conditions are not all seen in each case, 
but in every case a sufficient number of them to startle 
any physician who for the first time should become 
witness to their manifestation. Personally I have nev- 
er known of, nor have I seen a man, woman or boy, in 
whom these effects of tobacco, in their first attempts to 
use it, were not more or less visible. I doubt whether 
there ever lived a human being who, upon taking into 



6 TOBACCO ; 

his mouth the first chew, or upon smoking the first pipe 
of tobacco, or the first cigar, was not made so abnormal 
in all his vital manifestations as to exhibit in scood de- 
gree the morbid conditions which I have described 
above. The strong and the weak, the old and the young, 
the male and the female, are measurably affected, when 
the first attempt at use of it is made. In organisms 
largely endowed with nervous temperament, hyper-sen- 
sibility to the presence of the poison in the circulation 
is shown. In instances not a few has it come to my 
knowledge that such persons have found it impossible, 
for a long time after commencinguts use, to indulge 
without decidedly unpleasant sensations. Notwithstand- 
ing these, they have persevered — some for weeks, others 
for months, others still for years — in its use, being made 
sick more or less severely by each successive indulgence, 
till at length Nature, having been for a long time out- 
raged, adjusts herself thereto, and thenceforward they 
are free from any of the original morbid manifestations, 
unless they attempt to abandon it, when these suddenly 
re-appear with severity. Persons of lymphatic tempera- 
ment, of large build, in whom the circulation is slug- 
gish, whose nervous systems act vigorously only under 
exigency, suffer not as much in the incipient stages, nor 
are the morbid sensations as long continued as of those 
of the temperament just before described; but no per- 
son is entirely exempt from the reactions which the Vi- 
tal Forces set up against the presence of this poison in 
the blood. One would reasonably infer that a substance 
producing such effects in the beginning of its use, 
would be abandoned ; and I am disposed to think that 
it would be, were not its use so general as to have be- 
come privileged, and to have secured for itself some pre- 



AND ITS EFFECTS. I 

scriptive rights, lying beyond the reach of mere con- 
vention. Yices, like virtues, take on protectional ar- 
rangements, and, if they can be lifted into the dignity 
of a fashion, are more secure from that point than from 
any other which they could occupy. Nothing with 
mankind is so difficult to reach as a vicious indulgence 
or habit, guarded and guaranteed by all those attractions 
which make it a fashion. There are very coarse vices 
existing among men which are approachable, and which, 
without any great difficulty, are reached and abolished. 
But humiliating as it is, I think it is neverthless true, 
that just to the degree that a vice has for its existence 
no other justification than the indulgence of mere ani- 
mal propensity, and is therefore beyond the pale of rea- 
son, is it difficult to reach and overthrow it, provided 
always that it has secured to itself such general assent as 
to place before it for its protection the social forces, and 
to make it fashionable. I know this was true in my 
own case when trying to abandon the use of tobacco. 
E know also that it has been the case with hundreds, and 
for that matter, with thousands with whom I have held 
earnest conversations in regard to their attempt at its 
disuse. It seems to me that no person could have 
suffered severer physical distress than I suffered when I 
commenced the use of tobacco. No motive of which I 
now can conceive as possibly influencing my conduct 
could have been sufficiently forcible to have kept my de- 
termination good to be able to chew and smoke tobacco 
so as not to be made sick, other than that which bound 
me, and in larger or lesser degree binds every man to 
do what he sees others doing, and by the doing of which 
they acquire higher position and larger confidence 
among their fellows than otherwise they would possess. 



8 tobacco ; 

It may not be unprofitable to the reader to give a view 
of the motives which led me to become a chewer and 
smoker of tobacco. At the time I commenced its 
use I was only eleven years old. My father — an Allo- 
pathic physician, distinguished in his day and in his lo- 
cality for his professional success — used it as far back as 
I have any remembrance of him. The minister in our 
place, who was a Presbyterian clergyman, and a very 
good man, is associated in my mind with his indulgences 
in this direction, on all those social occasions which 
brought him to my father's house, as a guest. The ed- 
itor of our newspaper, who has since risen to be one of 
the most influential and powerful leaders of a political 
party which this State has ever had, was seen by me du- 
ring the period he lived in my native town as regularly 
smoking his pipe as he went to his boarding-house to 
obtain his meals. A youug lawyer who afterwards came 
to be a very distinguished member of the Bar in Central 
New York, though now for many years dead, was al- 
ways seen in his office with a pipe in his mouth. The 
deacons of the church to which my parents belonged 
were every one of them users of tobacco — and I think, 
as all the other gentlemen used it — in the form of chew- 
ing and smoking. My mother — a more remarkable wo- 
man, in many respects, than any other whom it has been 
my fortune ever to know, and of more than ordinary 
intellectual culture and womanly grace — was also a 
smoker. Our tavern-keeper, as good a fellow as ever 
kept an Inn, was never seen on his stoop of an after- 
noon when the shadows began to grow long, without a 
pipe in his mouth. My teachers in Latin and Greek — 
one of whom was a very learned man, and far and wide, 
in our sparsely-settled country, was known to be as won- 



AND ITS EFFECTS. V 

derful in his way as Goldsmith's Village Schoolmaster, 
1 never knew, except when he was eating, to be without 
a pipe or a quid of tobacco in his mouth, when he was 
out of bed. The gentleman who followed him as my 
teacher, a graduate of one of the colleges in my native 
State, and now a learned judge in one of the counties 
in Western New York, always had a spittoon in his school 
room, and furnished me the first opportunity which 1 
ever had of seeing an article of that description made 
out of earthen ware. On sunshiny days, or on rainy, 
misty afternoons, when there was less activity for each 
of these and kindred gentlemen in our little village, or 
on occasions when there was some great news slowly 
making its way from the centers of intelligence to our 
remote village, these men would assemble on the stoop 
ot our village tavern to talk and chat and make them- 
selves socially agreeable. I have counted twenty of 
them at one time sitting in chairs, or standing against 
the stoop-posts, or lounging so as to secure to themselves 
easy positions, every one of them smoking while the 
chatting went on. Below them, and standing by, ready to 
put on to their feet any shoes which Death might make 
vacant, were the young men of our town — the law-stu- 
dents, the young teachers, the mechanics"' apprentices, in 
their various ranks and grades, — all or nearly all of whom 
were in the use of tobacco or were trying to learn to 
use it. Slowly there grew up in my mind a conscious- 
ness that in some way, shape or manner, there were 
connected with the use of tobacco, passports to higher 
social relations and to more manly [conditions than it 
was possible to obtain without the use of it. It became 
a serious matter, therefore, with me to be able to use it. 
alhough a child in years, my father had educated me up- 



10 tobacco ; 

on the plan of never having me such. I never knew 
but little of the sports of childhood — of its sunny, 
pleasant hours. I never ran up and down any of its 
hard-beaten paths. As soon as I was able to realize 
the responsibilty of my life in the feeblest degree, man- 
hood was a the state which was always presented 
to me for my consideration, and every motive that could 
be brought to bear upon me to its attainment was made 
effective. To be a man, not a child ; to be a man, not a 
boy ; to be a man, not a youth ; was represented as the 
chief good after which I was to seek. Of course my mind 
became preternatu rally active and morbidly sensitive in 
respect to the accomplishment of this great object, and as 
I saw that social position had its symbols and types of 
recognition, and among these was the use of tobacco, 
either in the form of chewing or smoking, or more gen- 
erally both, I determined to bridge the chasm w T hich 
seperated me from the manly, and to become, let what 
would happen to me one of the initiated. 

It was as beautiful a Sabbath morning in June as ever 
the sun shone upon in our clime, when I resolved, with 
all the fervor and energy characterizing my nature, to 
make the attempt. My father had a hired man of middle 
age who was himself a great tobacco chewer, never using 
it in any other form. He advised me to commence by 
chewing, gave me directions about it, telling me what 
I must expect, announcing to me that I should be dead 
ly sick, but that it would not last a great w r hile, when 
I got over it, I must immediately take another chew in- 
to my mouth, which would make me even sicker than 
before, and after this sickness passed away I should 
have little or no further trouble. 

Our house was a modest farm-house, facing the public 



AND ITS EFFECTS. 11 

street, and shaded by beautiful locust trees. In front 
of the door was a large flat stone, and just before the 
threshold on either side stood two locust trees shading 
the doorway. When our family had all gone to church, 
sitting down upon that stone and looking up through 
the opening spaces of the trees overhead, I introduced 
this poison into my veins. So far as I ever had con- 
sciousness of my conditions, they areas vivid to me now 
as they were on that morning, and no language of which 
I am the owner can begin to describe the terrible suffer- 
ing through which, on that blessed Sabbath day, I pass- 
ed. No efforts that I have ever since made to secure to 
myself position with my fellows, to work out for my- 
self a manly character, which should challenge the pub- 
lic confidence, have been marked by a more decided 
self-abnegation or greater sublimity of spiritual feeling 
than I exhibited on that day. I had not only no 
thoughts of educating myself into a vicious habit, but 
on the other hand I earnestly sought to possess myself 
of a means of becoming, though young, more respect- 
ed and honored by every person whose respect 
and good will I was desirous to obtain. I do not be- 
lieve that my heart ever went out in more earnest de- 
votion, nor that I ever more sincerely prayed to Heaven 
to help me succeed in any effort .that I was about to en- 
ter upon, than I did on that occasion. In five minutes 
my saliva had mingled with the tobacco which I had 
put into my mouth, and I began to be blind. In a little 
while after I seemed to be thrown into illimitable space, 
driven on by Forces of which I had no knowledge, but 
which were omnipotent, and for the better part of a life- 
time, as it then seemed, I drifted hither and thither, 
without the least self-control. I think no human being 



12 tobacco ; 

was ever more thoroughly intoxicated than I was. 
While I retained in extreme measure, consciousness of 
what passed on the occasion, there were no relations to 
personal existence which at the time were not and ever 
since have not been largely chaotic. How long in fact 
I was in that condition I do not know, but probably 
not a great while, when insensibility ensued, and I lay 
down upon the flagstone, and there remained, until, at 
length, under the reactions of the Vital Forces, con- 
sciousness returned, and I looked about and gradually 
founu where I was 

The battle was half fought. I immediately opened 
my mouth and took another chew, when blindness and 
deafness ensued, twitching of the muscles, and deadly 
sickness, with severe prostration, followed, and I again 
became insensible. It was ten o'clock when I first seat- 
ed myself and entered upon my matriculation ; it was 
half-past two o'clock when I came out of the last fit of 
insensibility. Dragging myself into the house by my 
hands, as a person would whose lower limbs had sud- 
denly become paralyzed, I reached our pantry, and there 
found some cold coffee which had been set aside from 
breakfast, and of which I drank largely, after the direc- 
tions of my father's hired man, previously given. Soon 
I became relieved from my great nervous and muscular 
depression and was able to get up. When our people 
returned from church I was in bed. 

My father and mother came to see me, and I still re- 
sain clear and vivid impressions of how my father look- 
ed when he was called to my bedside by my mother's 
expressions of alarm. His entire wits were challenged 
to their uttermost in the matter of diagnosis. I heard 
him say to my mother that I was a very sick boy, and 



AND ITS EFFECTS. 13 

looked as if I had been poisoned ; at any rate he never 
in his life saw such symptoms, and he should call for 
counsel. Immediately a man was dispatched for one of 
our village Physicians, who, in consultation with my 
father, made out a prescription, to which I was subject- 
ed. I, who was devout in seeking means to pass from 
embryonic life to one of full proportion, was actually 
so affected in certain of my faculties by this poison, 
that I showed what I never had before shown, a reso- 
lute cunning and shrewdness, with a species of false- 
hood, that enabled me to succeed in misleading both 
my father and the physician whom he had called in to 
counsel, in respect to the real causes that had operated 
to place me in the conditions in which I was. 

From that day commenced my trouble. The effect 
of this poison soon showed itself upon my general 
health in the production of congested brain, and subse- 
quently in frequent torpid states of the liver, attended 
with severe mucous dyspepsia. A close student, shut 
up for the most part in rooms, pushed in my education 
by my teacher, I came to be an invalid. At twelve 
years old I showed such abnormalities of the nervous 
system as greatly to excite the fears of my parents for 
my health, and to cause a wide-spread interest among 
medical men in respect to the peculiar phases of my 
disease. Sick as I was in bodv, I showed much more in- 
teresting phenomena in my mental manifestations. I be- 
came the subject of a double consciousness. I lived two 
lives, and far and wide in that region of country was I 
known as a remarkable somnambulist. ~No one could 
trust me to lie in bed or to fall asleep. I was more likely 
than not to get up, dress, or partly dress, and go anywhere 
and do all sorts of audacious things, with a coolness 



14 TOBACCO ; 

that was astonishing. As a matter of course I was 
made the subject and the victim of the severest drug 
medication. From that period of my life until I was 
nearly forty years of age was I all the while in the hands 
of physicians. I used tobacco for fourteen years. At 
nineteen years of age my father having died, and respon- 
sibilities of a more than ordinary character in the care 
of a mother and children younger than myself coming 
upon me, I married. Up to this time I had never 
thought that tobacco hurt me, nor did any medical man 
who knew that I used it — and I think one was never 
employed in my case who was not made familiar with 
the fact — charge any of the morbid conditions which I 
showed to its use. However much I suffered by the 
drug poisons which my physician gave me, the founda- 
tion of all my ill health is, in my own mind, now clear- 
ly attributable to the use of tobacco. After having been 
married some few weeks I was rudely awakened from 
my silly and foolish dream-life to a consciousness that 
no slave was ever more thoroughly fettered than I was. 
My wife said to me, " I wish you could find it compati- 
ble with your ideas of propriety to give up the use of 
tobacco. Your breath is offensive to me." Instanter I 
said, " I will give it up. Nothing will afford me great- 
er delight than to yield to your request. I will never 
use any more of it." So I entered upon my renuncia- 
tion, and in twenty-four hours was as thoroughly con- 
scious of my enslavement as one could be. Oh, how 
my nervous system suffered from the want of its daily 
draught of poison. The most violent headache and blind- 
ness, equal to that which was induced when I first in- 
dulged in the use of tobacco, came upon me, and such 
complete prostration of my physical powers, and de- 



AND ITS EFFECTS. 15 

pression of mind, witn perturbation of spirit, I hope 
never during my mortal life to be called upon again to 
endure. My blood played through my veins as if it 
were in a sea-surge. I saw all invisible things that were 
ugly and demon-like, — devils in the shape of old women, 
haggish and witch-like, danced around me. For the first 
time in my life I became sensible of the enslaving power 
of appetite. "No force of will, or vigor of conscience were 
competent to my deliverance. My love for my wife, 
which usually absorbed all my self, faded away into 
nothingness. I saw nothing, thought of nothing, felt 
nothing but the overpowering desire for my tobacco. 
My moral sense became inert, and like a dog to his vom- 
it, or a sow to her wallowing in the mire, I laid my man- 
hood down, and for the time being was transformed into 
a beast. When, however, I had re-induced the habitual 
conditions of the nervous system by a return to my 
chewing and smoking, then came up more vividly than 
ever my loss of self-respect. A young and newly mar- 
ried man, I saw that " to will was present with me, but 
how to do good I found not." A Christian by profes- 
sion, I felt ashamed, and re-resolved to break the appe- 
tite. For the better part of three months I repeatedly 
made efforts for my deliverance, and each time fell into 
deeper disgrace than before. Ultimately my nature be- 
came so thoroughly demoralized by vain attempts to re- 
cover its dignity and poise, that the baser and meaner 
elements in it were uppermost, and, for a time, there 
are no words in the English language which so decid- 
edly describe the impression I had of myself, as when I 
say that I had become a thorough Sneak. 

Out of this deep of degredation I found no earthly hand 
to lift me. My wife I could not appeal to ; for my very 



lb* tobacco ; 

impotency had become my infamy. So there was no 
help in that direction. ~No friends came to my aid. — 
Everybody around me was using tobacco. At length — 
and I scarcely know how it came to pass,— I bethought 
me of the Saviour. I remembered what the apostle 
James said, " If any man lack wisdom, let him ask of 
God, who giveth to every man liberally, and upbraideth 
not." I was about to leave home on a journey. Be- 
seeching the Saviour to help me recover my lost charac- 
ter, I went out into the darkness. I knew the nature 
of the conflict, and scarcely believed that I should suc- 
ceed ; but there came to me angels that strengthened 
me ; and from that hour to this, the poison has not pass- 
ed my lips. For four months, however, I was in a wild 
and dreamy haze, staggering through mist and darkness ; 
a dozen times a day tempted and weli nigh overborne, 
but conquering for the hour and struggling on. 

This aspect of my life is not an uncommon one. I 
never yet stated it before a public audience, when at the 
close of the meeting some person, and, oftenerthan oth- 
erwise, numerous persons have not come to me, and, 
seeking my confidence, said that I had told their own 
struggles in their efforts for deliverance. In my private 
confidential relations with persons who have sought my 
professional aid, hundreds on hundreds have related to 
me their experiences, some of which were much more 
graphic than my own. "No gutter-drunkard degraded 
from a loyal and true man into the condition of a besot- 
ted fool by the use of spirituous liquors, has ever yet ap- 
peared on the public stage able to relate experience so 
fraught with degradation, loss of manliness, and true 
dignity of character as hundreds of tobacco-drunkards 
in this country could show. The land is full of them, 



AND ITS EFFECTS. 17 

— boys, and grown-up men — who from one year's end 
to the other, never see one single conscious moment in 
which they are sober. 

A great outcry has been made within the last half 
century, against the degradation, misery, and wretched- 
ness resultant from the use of alcoholic liquors, and the 
protestations of the good and the true have not been be- 
yond the necessities of the case ; but where one man 
gets drunk in this country from ardent spirits, so that he 
is unfit to fulfill in their best estate the duties which so- 
ciety and Government impose upon him, hundreds of 
men become thus incompetent to the performance of 
their social and public responsibilities from the use of 
tobacco, Where one boy has his nervous system so de- 
ranged by the use of ardent spirits as to render it im- 
possible for him, however richly he maybe intellectually 
and morally endowed, to reach high culture and large 
acquisition of knowledge, to be wrought up into practi- 
cal usefulness in the various relations and duties of life, 
fifty boys are rendered thus incompetent by the use of 
tobacco. I know of no sin among all the groups of sins, 
which crop out in our habits of living and curse us as a 
people, that for destructive vigor and ruinous accom- 
plishment can compare with the use of tobacco. I am 
not fanatical. I do not exaggerate. I speak the truth 
in perfect soberness, and am sure that abundant testimo- 
ny awaits me in the way of demonstration. Let us look 
a little into the thing, and see whether this view cannot 
be presented so as to commend itself to the conscious- 
ness and consciences of the good. 

The human body, as a living organism, is related to 
the expression of its vitalities after well-defined and de- 
terminate laws. When these have their free play and force, 



18 tobacco ; 

aided by proper external surroundings, and assisted by 
appropriate agencies, the body puts on its highest nor- 
mal conditions, which we term health. Obstructions to 
the operation of these laws establish abnormal condi- 
tions of vitality, and this is disease — everywhere disease 
being nothing more, and nothing less, than vital force 
abnormally manifested. To place the body in certain 
conditions, and to subject it to the influence and effect 
of certain substances commonly denominated health- 
producing agents, is to secure to it the maintenance of 
its own powers, and thus cause it to show conditions of 
health. To subject it to the influence or effect of other 
agents, commonly denominated health-destroying or poi- 
sonous substances, is to force it to put on abnormal man- 
ifestations, and thus to make it show conditions of dis- 
ease or death. 

Among the substances which are not health-produc- 
ing, but, on the contrary, health-destroying m their ef- 
fects upon the organism when brought within its range 
of action, alcohol, in its various forms and mixtures, and 
tobacco, in its various forms of preparation, rank high, 
— the one denominated a stimulant, the other a narcotic. 
The effect of the one upon the Vital Force is to increase 
the intensity of that force, to be followed, in time, by a 
corresponding depression. The direct effect of the oth- 
er is to depress or to lessen the intensity of the Vital Force, 
to be followed, in time by a corresponding excitement. 
Observation and experiment, which constitute in large 
degree the experience of professional men, have gone to 
establish the fact that certain substances are productive 
of specific effects, when these substances are placed 
within the range of action of the living forces of the hu- 
man bodv. 



AND ITS EFFECTS. 19 

These two poisons, therefore, stand over against each 
other. The one as a stimulant, or excitant, the other as 
a narcotic, or depressant — they work into each other's 
service- — tobacco playing an original part in the destruc- 
tive processes, and alcohol completing the ruin. Inqui- 
ry on a very large scale into the habits of men who have 
been known as habitual drinkers of alchoholic liquors, 
has settled the point conclusively that their appetites for 
strong drink were created and made clamorous by their 
previous use of tobacco, whose depressing effects upon 
their nervous systems were such as to establish an in- 
stinctive or impulsive desire for an offset. 

The Chaplain of the State Prison, at Auburn, for the 
year 18/54, I think, reports that out of over seven hund- 
red male prisoners, six hundred were convicted of crime 
when under the direct or reflex influence of ardent spir- 
its, and that a personal inquiry into the appetitial hab- 
its of this class of persons brought out this startling and 
forcible truth, that five-sixths, or five hundred, out of 
six hundred who vere convicted for crime when partially 
or ravingly drunk, had, from their own statements, the 
desire for strong drink awakened in them, so clamorous- 
ly, as to demand gratification at any rate from the de- 
pressing effects on their nervous systems of the use of 
tobacco. Outside of this statistical statement, my own 
investigations, in a much larger measure, go to corrobo- 
rate the truth of this record. I have never yet known, 
in all my inquiries or researches, a single man who was 
an habitual user of alcoholic drinks who was not a to- 
bacco chewer. I have never heard ot but one habitual 
drunkard who had never used tobacco. 

Now, whil e it does n ot unive rsally follow that every tobac- . 
co chewer uses ardent spirits, it will be found uniformly to 



20 tobacco ; 

be the fact that he does use some form of stimulant or ex- 
citant, as a substitute therefor. There are countervail- 
ing forces in operation in respect to the use of Ardent 
spirits, such as the influence of Public Opinion against 
their use. A great many men and women, within the 
last thirty years, have had their moral sense very much 
exercised and educated in respect to the dangers arising 
from the habitual use of Alcoholic liquors. But, while 
made sensible of the dangers in this respect, little or no 
instruction has been given in regard to the risks run 
from the use of intoxicating poisons of a different kind- 
Hence it will be found, upon close examination, that 
thousands of persons who have given up the use of Al- 
coholic drinks, have substituted in their places table oev- 
erages, or intoxicating drugs, to make up for their loss 
of their old accustomed stimulant. In proof of this, 
statistics go to show that Opium, outside of the use of 
it by the profession, as a medicine, has increased in sale 
over 300 per cent, within the last twenty years. Law- 
yers, ministers, artists, doctors, students, men of let- 
ters, in many instances, are in the daily use of opium. 
Others who do not use it, have substituted for alcoholic 
beverages Hasheesh — Extract of Hemp — or Absinthe — 
Extract of Wormwood — whilst others use the strongest 
infusions of tea and coffee, drinking these twice, at least, 
and very many of them three times a day, and along 
with these using the most stimulating condiments upon 
their food, thus subjecting their nervous systems to such 
influence from the introduction of these stimuli and nar- 
cotic properties into their circulation as to make good 
in large measure for their total abstinence from alcohol- 
ic drinks. Thus related in their expressions of Nervous 
Force to the use of drinks and foods which serve in part 



AND ITS EFFECTS. 21 

as substitutes for alcoholic stimulus, they keep up their 
use of tobacco, and so demonstrate most manifestly the 
truth of the statement made above, that while every or 
nearly every user of alcoholic drinks does use tobacco, 
in some of its forms, and while tobacco users do not all 
use alcoholic drinks, they do all of them use, in some 
form or other, such substitutes for alcoholic drinks as 
their sense of moral propriety and their regard for their 
characters in the public esteem will permit. To find a 
pure water-drinker who is a tobacco chewer, would be 
like finding a white black-bird. When you take away 
from the tobacco chewer or smoker all stimulating drinks 
or stimulating drugs, or intoxicating substances of every 
sort and kind, and place him where his foods and bever- 
erages shall answer simple nutrient and solvent purposes, 
tobacco no longer answers its chief purpose in the de- 
partment of his sensations. Hence the readiness with 
which we cure tobacco-users. By taking away from 
them all stimulating substances in the shape of foods 
and drinks, in a little while a disrelish, then a dislike, 
then a disgust to tobacco springs up, and they find it no 
longer so desirable to smoke or to chew as when they 
were under dietetic and drinking indulgences. 

The diseases produced by the use of tobacco are dif- 
ferent in their exhibition from those produced by alco- 
holic drinks. As, for instance, all poisons which in their 
effects are directly depressant, abnormalize the nervous 
system, while poisons which in their direct effects are 
excitant or stimulating, affect the circulatory system. — 
These differences are exhibited, in marked degree, in 
Paralysis and Apoplexy. I have never known a man to 
have apoplexy from the use of tobacco. I have had over 
fifty cases of paralysis, induced, as I think, mainly by 



22 tobacco ; 

the use of tobacco, aided by habits and manners of liv- 
ing directly calculated to produce derangements of the 
nervous system. On the other hand, apoplexy is ac- 
knowledged by the Profession to be more frequently 
than otherwise the result of the use of alcoholic liquors 
in connection with habits and methods of living direct- 
ly calculated to produce derangement of the circulation 
of the blood. Starting from this point, then, one can 
readily diagnosticate those diseases which are produced 
by the use of tobacco and kindred poisons, as he can 
those diseases which are produced by the use of alcohol 
and poisons of a similar nature. One class will be seen 
to be diseases of the nervous system, or the product of 
derangements of that system ; the other will be found 
to be diseases of the circulation, or the result of derange- 
ments of the circulation. Many very remarkable instan- 
ces of disease, produced by the use of tobacco, have 
passed under my observation, — of which I offer the fol- 
lowing : 

CASE NO. I. 

A few years since I was called by a gentleman to visit 
his son professionally. The lacl was about fourteen years 
of age, naturally a boy of more than ordinary talent. — 
His father, distinguished in public life, was absorbed in 
his calling, and gave the care of the lad in his younger 
years almost entirely to his mother. She, a fashionable 
woman, with but little of the domestic in her nature, 
weak and quite indulgent to her child, allowed her son 
to do pretty much as his appetites prompted, and at the 
age of nine years the father was astonished to learn that 
his boy was a tobacco chewer and smoker. Immediate- 
ly he brought to bear all the restraints possible ; but 
these were of no use, and as the relations between him 



AND ITS EFFECTS. 23 

and his son had never been those of familiar affection, 
persuasion had no influence over the child to induce him 
to forego his habit. 

When I called to see him he was tall, with a large 
head, indicating the ideal temperament, and his organs 
of nutrition broken down to such degree as to render 
them incapable of making blood sufficient to sustain the 
body, as against the daily wastes which were going on. 
I have never known but one case of a youth so thorough- 
ly given up to the use of this poison as this lad was. He al- 
ways had two cuds of tobacco in his mouth when not smok- 
ing. He was known repeatedly,under conditions of excite- 
ment, to chew two three-penny papers of tobacco in one 
day, besides smoking several cigars. The result of the 
habit was his death, but before he died, such disorgani- 
zation of tissue took place as to breed vermin all over 
his body, and he expired in the most horrible tortures. 
In the latter stages of his disease, he would exhibit the 
most violent nervous paroxysms, if for the space of two 
hours he was kept from indulgence, and showed most 
decided aberration of mind. 

CASE NO. II. 

But a little while after this, I received a letter from a 
gentleman living on the banks of the Mohawk, request- 
ing me to make a professional visit at his house, with a 
view to see a son of his. I did so, found the lad ten 
years of age, and so worn and wasted in flesh as to be 
disgusting to look at. As often as twice in twenty-four 
hours, for more than two years he had had epileptic fits, 
which had ended nearly in the destruction of his intel- 
lect. As soon as I saw him I turned to his father and 
said to him that there was no hope in his case ; and with- 
out making a single inquiry or knowing anything about 



24 tobacco ; . 

it, I remarked that from my knowledge of the effects of 
the poison of tobacco, I should say that his child was dy- 
ing therefrom. With tears in his eyes he said it was so. 
Not being able to do anything except to sympathize with 
the father, I returned home, and in the course of a fort- 
night the boy died. In both of these instances the chil- 
dren had the example of chewing and smoking tobacco 
set to them by their parents. 

CASE NO. Ill, 

Early in my professional practice, I was visited by a 
clergyman who wished to place himself under my care, 
with a view to be relieved of diseases with which he was 
afflicted, and upon examination of his case I said to him 
that I thought he could not be cured, that his nervous 
system had become so deranged by infiltration of some 
poison into his blood that I feared his constitutional 
power to react under its disuse would fail him. He then 
told me his history. A close student in early life, re- 
sulting in a fine education, he had learned to use tobac- 
co. This was followed by the habit of using intoxica- 
ting liquors ; but soon after the establishment of the 
latter habit he was induced to sign the pledge of total 
abstinence against all intoxicating drinks, and so aban- 
doned the use of ardent spirits, but kept up his tobacco. 
Smoking in early life was his favorite method of using 
the poison ; but as he grew older and came to have large 
ministerial responsibilities upon him, he substituted 
chewing for smoking. When he came to consult me he 
was about fifty years of age. He first became alarmed 
in regard to the effect upon him, after having had an in- 
terview with a brother clergyman in respect to the pro- 
priety of organizing a simultaneous movement on the 
part of all the clergymen in the city where he resided, 



AND ITS EFFECTS. 2£ 

by preaching sermons on the same Sabbath in their pul 
pits against the use of tobacco. When requested by his 
clerical brother to unite in such a movement he distinct 
]y declined. When asked why, his reply was, that he 
did not believe in preaching against sin of which he 
himself was guilty. When still farther questioned why 
he did not abandon the sin, his answer was that he was 
unable to do it. When his brother almost indignantly 
inquired if he, a Christian minister, felt himself at lib- 
erty to say that he was guilty of a sin of which he could 
not repent, he replied in the affirmative. To show his 
inability he then related the following circumstances : 

" For a month previous to this interview his mind bad 
been greatly impressed with his sin and his shame in 
this matter of the use of tobacco, and he had sought pri- 
vately to abandon it. On the Sabbath preceding the 
visit of his clerical friend he had determined to enter 
the pulpit free from his usual indulgence. On arising 
to open the church services he found himself blind, and 
his organs of articulation paralyzed so that he could not 
utter a word. He came very near falling down in a fit. 
Some of the members of his congregation, seeing that 
he was sick, took him home, services being dispensed 
with, and a physician immediately attended him. Ask- 
ing all the persons who were around him to leave him 
alone with the physician, who was scarcely less fright- 
ened than they, he said to him, " My friend, you need 
not be at all troubled. Just hand me my tobacco box, 
that lies in the pigeon hole in my book case, and I shaii 
be all right in two minutes. This is simply a reaction 
of my nervous system consequent upon abstinence from 
my usual indulgences." 

The physician gave him his tobacco ; he took a chew, 



26 tobacco ; 

and was in fifteen minutes as well as he ever was — so 
well, that in the afternoon the services were continued. 
The feeling of mortification that came over him when 
he found that his whole intellectual and moral nature 
was enslaved by a physical habit, he told me he had no 
language to describe; and then and there he made me 
promise as a physician, and as a christian gentleman, 
pledge myself to be faithful in season and out of season 
in my rebukes and reproofs of the use of tobacco, say- 
ing that though he had himself become the victim of it, 
and for many years during his use of it had had no idea 
that he was doing wrong thereby ; within the last month 
he had felt that there was no evil in our entire land, not 
excepting that of the habitual use of intoxicating liquors, 
so much to be deplored and so thoroughly to be dreaded 
in its effects upon our youth as the habi*t of chewing and 
smoking tobacco. 

A few weeks after this interview he died. A post 
mortem examination was held. No evidences of diseased 
structure were exhibited in any of the internal organs 
except the heart. When the operators reached the heart 
and took: it out they found it nearly disorganized. The 
tenacious coherence of its fibres had entirely disappeared 
and one of the physicians present at the examination 
wrote me that it could be " picked to pieces with as 
much ease as apiece of fried liver." 

CASE NO. IV. 

A distinguished lawyer in this State came to my 
house a d<»zen years since to be treated for rheumatism. 
Upon inquiry I found him to be an inveterate eh ewer 
and smoker. Not doubting that the effect of this in- 
dulgence culminated in rheumatism I said so to him, 
and added that I did not think any treatment I could 



AND ITS EFFECTS. 27 

give him would be effectual unless he could make up 
his mind to abstain from the use of tobacco ; to which 
he replied that although he had used it for many years, 
never supposing that it hurt him at all, and while he 
was sensible that he derived a good deal of satisfaction 
from the habit, if I thought that it had anything to do 
with his rheumatism, he would cheerfully give it up. I 
raised the question whether he could readily give it up, 
and he said he thought there was no difficulty about it. 
So I asked him to give me his tobacco-box and cigar- 
case, which he did, and I laid them away. 

The treatment administered to him was very mild, 
not changing his dietetic habits at all, and only giving 
him three baths a week. After he had been with us 
some ten days, or perhaps a fortnight, he entered the 
bath-room one morning, and as his eye fell upon the 
running water and his ear took in its sound, he passed 
instanter into a cataleptic state, his tongue running out 
of his mouth and pointed, his body becoming rigid, and 
giving a sort of half groan, he fell to the floor. I was 
not in the bath-room at the time, but being close by, 
one of my attendants immediately called me and I went 
in. The man lay as if he were dead. The door of the 
bath-room opened on to a piazza where the warm rays 
of the sun fell, and we took him out there, unbuttoned 
his clothes, and placing the body in the best possible 
posture for reaction to commence, we ckafed and rubbed 
him, and pretty soon he came back to partial conscious- 
ness. When he did so we lifted him and carried him 
to his room, and soon as might be took off his clothes 
and laid him in bed. I took a seat by his side and 
stayed there for an hour, at the end of which time he 



28 tobacco ; 

had so far recovered consciousness as to be able to con- 
verse. He then said : 

"Dr. Jackson, at the outset, I wish to say to you that 
I have great respect for you personally, and my short a< - 
quaintance with you has given me a favorable impress- 
ion of your abilities. I do not for a moment propose 
to hold your administration of my case resposible for 
this attack. Water-cure, under your hands, I have no 
doubt is entitled to all the repute which intrinsically be- 
longs to it; but while without question it is good in 
many cases, it will not answer for me. As soon, there- 
fore, as I am able, 1 wish to settle my bill and return 
home." 

Comparatively young as a practitioner at that time, I 
greatly regretted the circumstance, and was very much 
puzzled to account for such an abnormal exhibition of 
his nervous system. I told him that I thought it could 
not be the result of any water treatment he had taken ; 
that he had had but some four or five baths since he had 
come, and they were very gentle ; that while I could not 
account for it myself, I was not willing that he should at- 
tribute the paroxysm through which he had passed to 
the application of water in his case. The only answer 
that I could get out of him was, that " Water-cure 
was undoubtedly good for many people, but it would 
not do for him." I combatted his determination to go 
home, but he met me with a firmness which ran into 
obstinacy. 

Dispirited, I sought counsel of Mrs. Jackson. I had 
hardly stated the case to her before she said, "Why, I 
think that has all resulted from your taking his tobacco 
away." 

It flashed like lightning on my consciousness that her 



AND ITS EFFECTS. 29 

exposition was the true one ; and, seizing his cigar-case, 
I ran back to his room, and with joy on my face said to 
him, " I have found out what is the matter with you. 

"Well," said he, "what?" 

"Why ! " said I, "your fit has not resulted from the 
baths we have given you, but it is owing to your entire 
and sudden disuse of tobacco." 

"Oh!" said he, "that has nothing, to do with it. I 
told you that I could give up tobacco, and you see I 
have, without any difficulty." 

"Well, my good friend," I rejoined, "are you willing 
\o test the question for the purpose of pleasing me? 
Will you smoke a cigar? " 

"No," said he, "on that point I am firm. You have 
said you are satisfied tobacco hurts me. Reflection has 
confirmed the correctness of your judgment and I shall 
never smoke any more." 

I then said to him, "You think this paroxysm of 
yours this morning is in consequence of the baths you 
have taken. I think it is in consequence of your en- 
tire abstinence from tobacco. Now my reputation is at 
stake. If you go away without giving me an opportun- 
ity to test that question I shall aways feel as if you were 
a thoughtless man, and heedless of any injuries you 
might do to the reputations Of your fellows. I am sure 
you are mistaken, and I ask you to give me an oppor- 
nity to prove it. It may seem paradoxical to you that I 
should urge on you the smoking of a cigar, but I do it 
because I think that whereas now you lie here with your 
hand shivering as if you had the shaking palsy, and 
your tongue so thick that you can scarcely talk so as to 
be understood, the pupil of your eye twice its usual size, 
and your whole face showing a suffering aspect, and 



30 tobacco ; 

your pulse fluttering at your wrist as if you had been 
nearly frightened to death, if you would but let me light 
yout cigar and you smoke it, I believe that in twenty 
minutes you would be in a sweet sleep." 

He laughed me to scorn; but I was serious, and, look- 
ing at him, said : 

You must do this thing. You ruin me, if you refuse. 
You are a man of high position. You have voluntarily 
placed yourself in my hands. You have no right to 
make an ex parte issue with me as to my methods of 
treatment. Give me an opportunity to prove my state- 
ment to be true and yours to be untrue. It certainly 
cannot hurt your conscience very much to smoke a ci- 
gar. So please take it, and let us see what the effect 
will be." 

"Very well," said he, "to please youl will; but you 
will find I am right, and that while water cure is good 
for some persons, it is not good for me." 

Without farther words I lighted his cigar. He put it 
in his mouth, smoked awhile, and I watched him. In 
fifteen minutes his pulse had dropped down twenty 
beats, and a much steadier tone of the circulation be- 
came evident. The pupils of his eyes began to contract, 
the face lost its aspect of suffering. In twenty minutes 
he spoke: "Well, I did not think that a cigar would 
taste so good." 

In twenty-five minutes his eyes were closed, and he 
actually fell asleep inside of thirty minutes, with his ci- 
gar burning in his lips. I took it from his mouth, and 
he slept four hours as quietly as a child. On waking 
up the first words he said to me were, "Doctor, I ask 
your pardon. You were right and I was wrong. This, 
then, is the proof of the deleterious influences of tobac- 



AND ITS EFFECTS. 31 

co on my nervous system. Now my moral sense is 
roused up against its use, and as soon as I can safely 
dispense with it I shall never use more." 

Instead of leaving the cure, he stayed with me until I 
not only broke up his habit of using tobacco, but of 
drinking strong tea and coffee, of eating highly seasoned 
food at irregular hours, and cured him of his rheuma- 
tism and sent him home to resume his profession, with 
twenty years added to his life. Now though his hair is 
silvered with gray he is as firm a friend as I have in the 
world. He afterward told me that as far as his recol- 
lections would allow, it seemed to him that he had been 
bitten by a mad dog. He said the sight of the water 
was what upset him ; that as soon as he saw it and heard 
its murmur, there went a thrill all through him, and he 
felt just as he had a hundred times supposed persons 
bitten by mad dogs must feel at the sight of water. 

In two other cases which I have had, where violent 
reactions of the nervous system showed themselves, the 
same or like simulations of hydrophobia were present. 
I think no delirium tremens caused by the presence of 
any other poison in the blood, ever forces the organism 
to exhibitions of suffering and distress similar to those 
produced by the canine virus, as does tobacco. In a 
good many cases within my knowledge where its aban- 
donment has been sudden, while the usual taxations of 
energy have been kept up in the performance of busi- 
ness, these peculiar abnormal exhibitions have shown 
themselves in larger or lesser degree. I do not know 
how many men and boys have said to me, when under 
my suggestion they have ceased to use tobacco, that for 
a number of days they felt as if their tongues were stiff 



32 TOBACCO 



and as if they must involuntarily thrust them out of their 
mouths. 

case no. v. 

I was visiting, some years since, at the house of a gen- 
tlemen who was an excessive tobacco chewer,^-a man 
of very large brain, and whose nutritive organs were on- 
ly of moderate vitality. I readily discovered in him 
signs of failing health. Upon his acknowledging this 
and asking my advice I said to him, " The first thing 
you should do should be to cease the use of tobacco. It 
is killing you. I notice that one of its effects is inordi- 
nate excitement of the salivary glands. It seems to me 
that you must secrete and eject not less than half a gal- 
lon of saliva every day." 

He admitted that he did, and thought probably that 
he secreted a much larger quantity, but did not think 
that it hurt him at all. On the whole he rather thought 
it did him good. Formerly he said, he was troubled 
with water-brash, or rising of water from his stomach, 
and upon counseling with his physician, the latter ad- 
vised him to use tobacco, saying that it would act as a 
cure for that difficulty. So he adopted its use and soon 
found relief, as the doctor suggested he would. I told 
him that the remedy was worse than the disease, that he 
had but jumped " out of the frying-pan into the fire," 
and that I presumed already the evil effects upon his 
nervous system from the use of tobacco must be such 
that were he to cease suddenly from the habit he would 
find himself incapable of performing the most ordinary 
duties. Like the majority of tobacco chewers and 
smokers he declared his ability to break off whenever 
he should have a mind without any particular difficulty, 
to which I rejoinded by saying that inasmuch as it was, 



AND ITS EFFECTS. 33 

in his estimation, so easy a thing to be done, I would 
consider it a personal favor if he would immediately 
commence, so that while I was his guest we might have 
mutual evidence of the correctness or incorrectness of 
my view of its effects upon him, saying that my profes- 
sional observation had led me to the conclusion that the 
deleterious effects of all poisonous substances taken in 
small quantities, and continued for a length of time, 
were to be seen in reflex, and not in direct action of the 
nervous system ; that I suspected this was true in his 
case ; and that while under the narcotic influence of to- 
bacco he thought or supposed himself to be able to 
break off without any difficulty, the breaking off would 
introduce him to a new experience altogether, and one 
which would astonish him, and for which he would find 
himself little prepared. He laughed at me, but I 
returned to the point and urged upon him the making 
of the experiment. Taking out his tobacco box he 
handed it to his wife and told her to keep it till he called 
for it. This was at ten o'clock in the morning. At 
twelve o'clock when called to dinner I noticed that he 
ate with less relish, and there was an evident uneasiness 
while at the table. A fervent Christian, member of the 
Methodist church, zealous in all good causes, pious at 
the heart and not a mere formalist, I found that when 
he came to ask grace at the table his method of expres 
sion was somewhat confused. I said nothing. At night 
he retired early, giving as a reason that he did not feel 
very well, to which I made no reply except that I trust- 
ed he would find himself better in the morning. But 
when morning came and he rose and I met him, I saw 
that the demon was in possession of him. He told me 
he thought he was going to be sick. He could not tell 



34 tobacco ; 

what ailed him. He never felt so before in his life. 
Yesterday he felt perfectly well ; and in his allusions to 
his immediate condition he never gave me the least im- 
pression that he was conscious that he was suffering 
from the want of his constant and habitual narcotism. I 
did not allade to it. "When we sat down to breakfast I 
noticed that he ate but little, but drank three or four 
caps of strong coffee, and for a while was better. When 
noon came, however, he could eat no dinner. While 
sitting at the table, holding his head in his hands and 
looking very woe-begone, one of his apprentices came 
in and said a man wanted to buy a double harness. He 
told the boy to ask the gentleman to wait a few minutes 
and he would be out to the shop. As soon as dinner 
was finished we took our hats and went to the shop and 
found a customer who said to him he wanted to buy a 
double harness. My friend took from a peg a saddle, 
presented it to the man and said, " There is a first-rate 
article." Said the man, 'I do not wish a saddle — I 
want a double harness." 

" This is a double harness," said he. 

The man looked at him and laughed. "Now," said 
he, " no joking. I am in a little hurry. I have waited 
while you ate your dinner. I want a new harness. — 
Show me what you have on hand." 

Said he, " I am not joking. I have no other double 
harness than this. If this does not suit you, you will 
have to go somewhere else." 

The purchaser knowing my friend to be a man always 
prompt and attentive to his customers, and not given by 
any means to jesting in matters of business, was quite 
indignant at the supposed attempt to burlesque him in 
a trade, and said, " I ask you respectfully once more to 



AND ITS EFFECTS. 35 

show me a double harness. I have bought harnesses of 
you for years. I want a new one — one of the best you 
have got — and have the money in my pocket." 
To which he got no reply other than this : 
"I have no other harness. If this does not suit you, 
you must go elsewhere." 

The man turned on his heel to leave the shop, feeling 
that he was insulted ; but I laid my hand on his shoul- 
der and said to him, " Do not go, my friend, until I 
have had a word with you. Our mutual friend here has 
been trying an experiment. Perhaps you are aware of 
his habit of using tobacco." 

"Yes," he said, " I have often told him that it would 
kill him if he did not stop it." 

"Well," I said, " I induced him to stop it yesterday 
for the simple purposo of giving him a lesson in the di- 
rection to which yon say you had previously called his 
attention. He now has been without it twenty-four 
hours, and he does not know a saddle from a harness. 
His nervous system has suffered so that he has lost the 
power of association, and is as essentially in a delirium 
as ever any liquor drunkard was." 

The man's sympathies were excited in a moment. 
"Now," said I, "let me try him;" and stepping up to 
my friend I said, " Do you know this man ?" 
"Yes." 

"Do you know what you have been doing?" 
" I have been trying to sell him this harness." 
" That is not a harness — that is a saddle." 
" That is what he says," my friend replied; but I do 
not think it becomes him or you to undertake to tell 
me what is a saddle, or what is a harness. I understand 



36 tobacco ; 

my business. If the man wants this harness, I shall be 
happy to sell it to him." 

Said I, " You come with me into the house." I took 
him by the arm and led him out, took him into the 
house, asked his wife to give me his tobacco box, and 
when she did I said to him, " Fill your mouth full as 
you can get it of tobacco, and then come back to the 
shop." 

He allowed me to do with him as I pleased. I 
brought him back into the shop, sat him down upon a 
chair, conversed on indifferent things, watched his face 
for five minutes, and then said to him, " Here is a friend 
who wants to buy a harness of you." 

He raised his countenance, looked around, as if he 
had awakened from a sleep, said " Good afternoon," to 
the gentleman who wanted to purchase the harness, said 
he should be very happy to sell him a harness, but be- 
fore he did so, would like to introduce him to his 
friend Dr. Jackson, and going through the formality of 
introducing me to this gentleman, stepped into his back 
room, opened the window, let in the light, called the 
gentleman in, sold him the harness, got his money, re- 
sumed the business of giving directions in the shop 
without ever alluding in any way to the fact that he 
had for a time been entirely oblivious of what had trans- 
pired in the presence of his journeymen, his apprenti- 
ces and myself, with the man who had sought to buy a 
harness of him. When told of it, only with the greatest 
difficulty could he be made to believe it. 

CASE NO. VI. 

A gentleman living in one of the central counties in 
the State of New York called upon me a few years ago, 
saying that he had been taken suddenly with dizziness 



AND ITS EFFECTS. 37 

of the head amounting to decided vertigo, that accom- 
panying this dizziness was a trembling of his hands so 
that he could not write. A distinguished lawyer, hav- 
ing a very large business, he wanted to know if I could 
diagnosticate his case. I told him I would try, and the 
first question I put to him was whether he used tobacco. 
He said he did all the time. " Well/' said I, " what ckc 
you mean by ' all the time ?' " 

Said he, " I mean all the time except when I am eat- 
ing." 

"Do you mean when you are sleeping?" 

" Yes." 

" Do you mean when you are asleep ?" 

"Yes." 

"Do you go to sleep with tobacco in your mouth?" 

"Yes." 

" What do you do with the saliva ?" 

" I swallow it. I cannot sleep if I have no tobacco in 
^y mouth." 

" Why can't you sleep ?" 

" I see devils, hobgoblins, all monstrotfs things." 

" Do you smoke?" 

"Yes." 

" Well, this, then, in the cause of your dizziness. — 
Your nervous system is breaking down under the effects 
of the poison introduced into your blood by your use of 
tobacco. Now there is about an equal probability of 
your having apoplexy and paralysis, unless you are pro- 
tected against the former by abstinence from ardent 
spirits." 

" I do not drink hard," he replied, " but I am in the 
daily use of liquor." 

" Well, sir, you have reached the length of your teth- 



38 tobacco ; 

er in the direction in which you have been going, and 
unless you turn about you will die." 

"But I cannot stop," he said. "I have queried 
whether this might not be owing, in part at least, to 
my use of tobacco, and I have tried once or twice to 
stop ; but the remedy is worse than the disease. I lose 
my balance and rave like a madman." 

" Rave you must then. It is better that you should 
rave than that you should be an imbecile. Your rav- 
ings are Nature's reactions. If you give yourself into 
my hands before you have an apoplectic or paralytic 
stroke, either of which is imminent, — I pledge myself to 
bring you through." 

He cried like a child. He made his arrangements, 
placed himself in my hands and in four weeks' time he 
had passed the crisis. He recovered, is now in good 
substantial health, and one of the firmest supporters of 
the hygienic system I have the pleasure to know. 



I could relate hundreds on hundreds of cases like un- 
to these specified ; for in our Estalishment we have treat- 
ed persons of every age, temperament, position and con- 
dition in life, so that the philosophy we hold as to the 
effects of tobacco and the abnormal or diseased conditions 
of the nervous system induced by its long-continued 
and free use, brings to its defence all the evidence which 
the largest observation and the widest experiment can 
possibly afford. 

Deplorable, however, as are the effects on t\v mere 
physical conditions of confirmed tobacco chewers, in the 
breaking down of their health and the inducement of a 
great variety of diseases, — many of which are organic in 
their nature, and of course incurable, — they melt all in- 



AND ITS EFFECTS. 39 

to nothingness by the side of the destruction to the high- 
er faculties caused by its use. It is bard enough, to 
have a debilitated body, but to have a mind and soul 
made drunk by drugging is terrible. Pathological in- 
vestigations go to show that different poisons show dif- 
ferent effects upon the nervous system, that different 
portions of the brain are effected by different poisons, 
and that corresponding difference in mental and moral 
conditions, under the administrations of different poi- 
sons are exhibited. 

Alcohol, for instance, in producing abnormal condi- 
tions of the responsible faculties, specifically affects 
those which we describe as intellectual ; while Narcot- 
ics — as tobacco, for instance — affect those which are usu- 
ally described as Moral Faculties. Watch closely the 
changes of character through which persons respectively 
pass as their Vital Forces come to net on these respect- 
ive poisons, and it will be seen that while Alcohol dis- 
turbs those departments of the brain through which the 
Intellectual Faculties find manifestation. Tobacco af- 
fects those portions of the brain through which the Mor- 
al Sensibilities normally express themselves. 

Drunkards, unless when in a state of decided insensi- 
bility or wild delirium, retain their moral sense when 
compared with their loss of judgment, most remarkably. 
In truth, if but partially intoxicated, their moral forces 
3eem to be quickened and excited, while their reasoning 
powers are in a great state of perturbation. The tobac- 
co user, however, finds himself in such relations to the 
use of his higher faculties as not to have his reason par- 
ticularly disturbed. You see men on the street, in their 
3tudies, in public and private intercourse, who are users 
of tobacco, who show no less intellectual shrewdness or 



40 TOBACCO ; 

profundity, where the intellect takes cognition of sub- 
jects that are mainly within the province of the reason, 
than they would if they did not use it; but the moment 
that they pass that line, and step into the department of 
the affections or the higher emotions, or proceed to the 
examination of questions which for a right decision de- 
pend upon large spiritual discrimination, they exhibit a 
degree of abnormality indicative of decided obtuseness 
or positive aberration. 

I do not think there is a poison which is in use in 
this country, or of the habitual use of which we have 
record in Oriental countries, whose legitimate effect up- 
on' the nervous system is to induce moral obliquity more 
decidedly than does tobacco. Men who have used it 
for years, until it has infiltrated itself into every tissue 
of their physical frames, (and it does lodge itself in the 
tissues ; for I have had persons under treatment in my 
Establishment who, upon being put into a wet sheet 
pack and lying for an hour and a half, after this process 
had been in operation for a few days, would emit so de- 
cided a tobacco odor, upon being stripped to take a bath, 
as to make all the persons in a very large room as sen- 
sible thereof as though a cigar had been smoked in the 
room,) are as insensible to nice spiritual discernment, 
or clear discrimination in respect to all spiritual entities 
as a man in the depths of intoxication from ardent spir- 
its is to keen and critical intellectual acumen. 

Of all classes of persons in society, the tobacco chew-, 
er and smoker is the least amenable to the Moral Pro- 
prieties. Subjects which come up for investigation hav- 
ing moral relations to individual or public welfare, 
however elaborately and clearly elucidated, are not read- 
ily apprehended by the tobacco-drunkard. He walks 



AND ITS EFFECTS. 41 

surrounded by those great affeetional and emotional re- 
lations into which God always introduces the sincere 
spirit, as one walks in a vain show. Delicate distinc- 
tions which necessarily exist oftentimes between right 
and wrong, dividing them as by a hair, cannot be seen 
and understood by the tobacco-drunkard. From the 
first day of the year to the last he is under immoral con- 
ditions, The Passional Forces, or those that find their 
point of efficient action at the base of his brain, are up- 
permost in him. The Moral Forces, or those which 
work themselves up into vigor through the action of 
that portion of the brain which is mapped out by the 
coronal region are benumbed, or nearly dead. Gradu- 
ally the Manly and Divine die out of him, steadily the 
Beastly developes itself in him, till at length those sen- 
timents and affections, impulses and inspirations, which 
are well described as the Intuitive Forces of his nature, 
go into the shadow and have no directing power in the 
shaping of his life or the exhibitions of his conduct. At 
length, though naturally endowed with more than ordi- 
narily intimate relations to the True, the Noble and the 
Good, he becomes intimately associated with the False, 
the Ignoble and the Mean, and unless vicarious effort 
is made for him he is a lost man. 

I do not believe there is a minister occupying any 
pulpit in the United States, who, having the courage to 
go into an investigation of this subject at this point, 
will not find those church members and members of his 
congregation who habitually use tobacco in any of its 
forms, — no matter what are their natural endowments, 
or conditions of intellectual culture,— to show decidedly 
inferior moral perceptions to such other members of his 
church and congregation as do not use it. 



42 tobacco ; 

If this view be true, — and I have not the least question 
of it, — then all right-minded persons who have the wel- 
fare of individuals and society at heart, may readily dis- 
cern what is the chief obstruction to the progress of all 
such Reforms, as, for their success, are dependent upon 
a well-educated an d^ well-instructed moral sense. So 
well satisfied am I of the truth of this view, that I cher- 
ish not the least hope that Christianity can make any 
very decided and marked progress in controlling human 
affairs, whether these relate to private or to public life, 
while the physical habits of living of our people remain 
as they are. Clothed with Divine power as Christiani- 
ty is, and amply sufficient to reach all the ills on earth 
to which human life is heir, provided she can have 
her regenerative forces expended in right directions, as 
matters go, she is comparatively impotent. Only such 
classes of our people as by natural organization and en- 
dowment are favorably related to the perception of 
truth, and its absorption into their higher natures, feel 
the benefits of the Grospel and work up into their lives 
its great practical benignities. The masses of mankind 
lie outside of the sweep of Christian influence, and 
while they retain their present habits of life must be, in 
the very nature of the case, subjected to the control of 
their appetites and passions, rather than of their higher 
faculties, and as a consequence in great numbers be- 
came the victims of mere animal indulgence. 

In the production of results so greatly to be deplored, 
there is no single habit which is so efficient as that of 
using tobacco. I call, therefore, upon all good people, 
— men and women who appreciate the worth of human 
nature, and are engaged in efforts to elevate, and so far 
as it is given unto them to save it, — to place themselves, 



AND ITS EFFECTS. 43 

—not individually, but collectively — against the use of 
this poison. 

The risen generation is already ruined by it ; the ris- 
ing generation is being ruined by it; and God, who is 
eternally just, and whose Laws are his testimonies in 
behalf of right doing, and everywhere against the doing 
of wrong, will assuredly visit the sins of the fathers, in 
this respect, upon the children, to the third and fourth 
generation. 

Considered from this point or view alone, the evil ef- 
fects of the use of tobacco are incalculable. No man 
who uses it can ever hope to be the father of a child 
whose relations to life can be considered as favorable as 
they might be, had not his father been addicted to its 
use ; whereas had his father not used it, the child might 
have been born with vigorous physical constitution, and 
in time, under proper opportunities, have grown to be 
a vigorously intellectual and moral man, rightly propor- 
tioned, harmoniously developed, and well balanced. 
He now finds his life from the start to be abnormal, his 
body constitutionally feeble, his appetites and passions 
energetic and difficult to control, his intellect erratic, 
his moral sense dull and not readily impressible, 
and so his parents are compelled to address themselves 
to the formation ot his character under circumstances 
which relate him unfavorable to society, and to the shap- 
ing and the working out of his more important and 
higher relations. 

"When shall we learn how to live? May the Divine 
Spirit, whose office it is to quicken the human soul, and 
change it till it be transformed and swallowed up, Oh 
Christ, in thee, teach us all the way of Wisdom; for her 
ways are ways of pleasantness and her paths are peace. 



CONSUMPTION : 

3W TO PREVENT IT AND HOW TO CURE IT. 

B"5T J\A.:MES C. JACKSON, 3UL. ID- 
■ ■ o 

ie Octavo Volume. Price, by mail. $2.50 

o 

9 can aBsure the reader that this is a Work well worth purchase and perusal, and that 

ie degree that those who read it accept its advice, and follow out its teachings, may 
hope to be greatly benefited. No such Book on Consumption has ever before been 

ten by any man. It is by far the most comprehensive and thougntful treatise on the 
t methods of preventing and treating the disease, ever issued. Its value will be found 
•onsist quite as much in the instruction given, whereby to prevent the development of 
:ase, as successfully to overcome it, whenever it has made its appearance. Those who 

acquainted with the author know, that any subject which he undertakes to discuss 

1 be handled with great ability, and in the most analytic and profound manner. IIo is 

rm believer in the theory which he presents ; large experience in the treatment of 

2ase, and abundant success in his extensive practice, having demonstrated its truthful- 

to a certainty. 



EXTRACTS FROM EDITORIAL NOTICES. 

* is a thorough Work of its class, and it is no exaggeration to say of it that it has well 
i exhausted the commanding subject to which it is devoted. The many errors of our 
al life are pointed out, and animadverted upon, in strikingly independent language. 
;ng how much misery is caused by human follies, and how far men have departed 
i the life on earth that it was intended by their Creator that they should live, Dr. Jack- 
speaks with force to his fellows that must have its effect; for his book is one that 
inot fail to have many readers, as well from the nature of its matter as from its man- 
:, which is to the utmost degree energetic and robust. He has gathered together, and 
k ced in an easily accessible form, an amount of intelligence on vitally attractive themes 
•is it would be difficult, if not impossible, to obtain elsewhere. No man ever had more 
cided opinions on the first of all earthly subjects, and no man ever enunciated those 
.aions in stronger and more emphatic words. All facts that tend, through their pro- 
ilgation, to the preservation or restoration of health, should be made public, and we are 
id to see that such is the opinion of our Author, who is an able and experienced Phy- 
dan, and a man of high character. His volume is ono that should be studied, and 
idied by all. — Boston Evening Traveller. 

Consumption is tiie Scotjkge of New England in Special. — The number of its 
3tims, annually, bears a fearful proportion to that of any other disease which is not epi- 
mical. How to prevent it, and how to cure it, is, therefore, a question of the deepest 
-crest to all classes. In this volume, Dr. Jackson treats the subject in a most intelli- 
ut, searching and popular manner; avoiding all those medical technicalities, which, to 
e uninitiated, are utterly unintelligible. His stylo is flowing, lucid, and, for such a 
?atise, singularly attractive ; and the scope of his survey indicates rare powers of ob- 
rvation. of analysis, and of judgment. We have no hesitation in recommending this 
ork to the attention of every household. — Liberator. 

W : have read it with great interest. It corroborates some views we had previously 
itei'tained ; it explains others ; it suggests new theories on many points. It is a book 
together enriching to the reader, and worth any man's owning and pondering. — Home 
our na I. 

This is - one of the most instructive and valuable Books that we have ever seen. The 
ifoimation presented in its pages relative to that alarming disease. Consumption, -as to 

ha it is, how to avoid it, and "how to cure it, — makes the book, in every sense, v.* uablo 
i tr jse who consider life and health worth possessing. — Boston Investigator. 

We commend this Book to the study of all persens who want to live as long as they 
ajx, and as well as they can. — Boston Congregationalism 

All orders should be addressed to 

F. W. HURD & CO., 

Dansville, N. Y. 



AN 

ORIGINAL MONTHLY HEALTH JOURNAL 

OIT 1G QUARTO PAGES, 
EDITED BY 

Miss HAEREBT N. AUSTIN, M. 0., JAS. 0, JACKSON, M. D., 
and F. W. HURD, M, D. 



This Journal teaches tbo true nature of Di.ease, and gives directions for the ration 
and successful treatment of all its various forms of manifestation; but its primary objc 
is to teach the people how to live so as to avoid sickness. Its editors are ackiowledged 
be eminently fitted for this high mission. 

Extracts from Editorial Notices. 

It is a valuable production, and should be in tho hands of every one who desires 
have good health. — Nashua (Ind.) Telegraph. 

Any person of common intelligence, who reads the "Laws of Life" for one year,cann 
fail to receive many times the value of what it cost, in the useful and important i 
formation which its pages contain. It is edited with marked ability. — Dundee (N. I 
Record. 

Every one who wishes good health, a clear brain and a long life, should subscribe 1 
this Journal. Its Editors have the well-being of the people at heart; they aro doi 
much to raise and educate the people physically, as well as mentally, and that is wl 
this degenerate generation most needs. — Kane County (111.) Advertiser. 

It will be found one of the most complete guides to health and happiness extant 
Union Banner, (Carlyle, III.) 

No mother, having the responsibility of rearing a family of children, should be withe 
this Journal. — Detroit [Mich) Tribune. 

The " Laws of Lifo" should be received into every family; for there is a mine of wea 
contained in its columns. It would be well for our people to awaken to a sense oft 
truth it teaches, and listen to its advice and suggestions. — National (N. Y.) Sentinel. 

This periodical is principally devoted to the elaboration and promulgation of the La 
cf Life, with the design primarily of teaching persons How to Live; and, secondly, 
'caching tho Sick how to get well, without the aid of any Drug or Medicine whatev< 
These objects are plainly and earnestly set forth by the Editors, and we are happy 
biy, with great success** '^Hian Advocate. 

We are in regular receipt of the "Laws of Life;" and having read it now for sever 
years, we can confidently indorse and recommend its teachings on the very importat 
but very much neglected, subject of the Laws of Life. It is the best Health Journal 
the country. No family should be without it. In fact, its teachings, reduced to practic 
would, in a great measure, prevent sickness, and restore the sick to health, without eith 
drags, medicines, or doctors. This is no puff, but the words of truth and soberness. 
Gospel Banner, Geneva, 111. 

Many of the able and philosophical lectures of Dr. James C. Jackson arc published 
the columns of the "Laws of Life." — Corning (N. Y.) Journal. 

Dr. Jackson's Lgctures are always pointed, scientific, and eloquent. —New Yo\ 
Tribune. r f *2- Qj 

Specimen Copies, containing Terms, sent upon receipt of u re 
postage stamp, by the Publishers, 

F. WILSON HURD & CO., 

DANSVILLE, Livingston County, N. 1 



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